How Does Noguchi Studio in Hachioji-city Tokyo Perform Nagaita-Chukei Indigo Dyeing?

I have introduced a traditional craft-work studio of Indigo dyeing in my previous posts on July 18th and 20th. Their products are called "Edo-style Nagaita-Chukei" and used for summer Kimono/Yukata. The studio is carrying on old-fashioned techniques which are rare today. Then, how do they actually make the beautiful fabrics? What are the old-fashioned techniques of Indigo dyeing? I'm going to explain briefly here. 

Roughly their work can be divided into two parts. The first process is putting designs on white cotton fabrics with masking paste. The second process is dyeing the masked fabric with Indigo dye. 

Let's look at the steps in more detail. The upper row of the photos above is showing the first process. A craftsman is putting the design of chrysanthemum flowers and a little stream on a very thin plastic stencil. Actually their stencils were made of Washi (Japanese traditional papers) in old times, but due to the declining number of the craftsmen of Washi and increasing cost of custom-made Washi, they had no choice but to switch to plastic stencils. 

The paste he is painting on the stencil is made from rice. As it is an organic paste, it is easily taken off and eco-friendly. However, disadvantage of the rice paste is that it does not keep very long, and can get moldy easily even after it is applied on fabrics, and therefore humidity must be carefully monitored. 

After putting design on the cloth with the paste, the fabric are dried the sun and stored with long boards on the ceiling shelf in the studio. The same process is repeated to make enough quality of one design. The next step is putting the masking paste on the backside of the fabrics which will make a perfect contrast of white color and Indigo color in the fabrics. This concludes the first process. The masked fabrics are removed from the long boards, and hooked to bamboo sticks. The bamboo sticks works as hangers when the fabrics are dipped into Indigo dye colors. 

In Noguchi Studio, there are more than 10 big pots buried on the ground under a roof. The Indigo dye liquid inside of the pots is extracted from a plants. Temperature of the pots and the thickness of the liquid are carefully controlled throughout a year to keep good condition for dyeing since these are all organic and have to be kept fermenting well. You can see some fermenting foam floating on the pots in the photos above.

The second process, their dyeing work, seems very simple. They just grab a bamboo hanger, hook masked cloth on it and dip it into the pot. However, depending on how long and how many times they dip the cloth, the strength of indigo color would be different as you can see the small piece of fabrics in the middle photo on the lower row. Moreover, to make a deep indigo blue with clear white design is not so easy. If the more you dip the cloth the more masking paste is going to dissolve in the dye since the paste is not so tough in liquid. If they dip the cloth too long, or too many times, the design would be faded. Now you can see their work is very delicate and requires many years of experience. Because of their skilled work the fabrics are so beautifully done.

By the way, dyed fabrics are actually yellowish color when they were pulled out from the dye. After they are exposed into air, they gradually turn into indigo color by chemical reaction. The phenomenon looks very mysterious. After the reaction was done, the fabrics are washed to take off the masking paste completely and dried under the sun. I wonder how ancient people invented the whole process!