It is a kind of puppet show although it's not for kids as most puppet shows in other countries are generally for kids. It is the theater using elaborate puppets as shown in the photos above. It is similar to "Bunraku" which is more widely-known another puppet play designated as Japanese traditional art by the government. Since old times these kind of puppet plays have been popular amusements for adults same as other dramas played by human actors.
As compared to the condition that a "Bunraku"'s doll needs three people to control, Hachioji Kuruma-Ningyo's doll can be controlled by one person, that would be one of the big differences between them. As the name shows, with Hachioji Kuruma-Ningyo each puppeteer sit on a box with three wheels (shown in upper left end photo) , and attach his/her both legs to the puppet's legs, so the puppeteer can move puppet's legs alone. Then the puppeteer can make his/her both hands free even when the puppet is walking or jumping, and he/she can control the puppet's head and arms with his/her hands.
Apparently Kuruma-Ningyo style puppets was invented in Saitama prefecture and spread quickly during late Samurai era. It has been handed down in only Hachioji City until today and now the troupe is showing their performance even in overseas countries. Perhaps, you may be able to find their performances in your country!
In addition, the website of Hachioji Kuruma-Ningyo troupe is here.
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